References

Most of the pertinent references have already been drawn in as hyperlinks within the main parts of this piece. Some of the references are textual ones not easily available as hyperlinks (PDFs for example).l

Various citations throughout have been made to:

Biesta, G., & R. Lawy (2006) 'From teaching citizenship to learning democracy: overcoming individualism in research, policy and practice', Cambridge Journal of Education, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 63-79.

In addition, whilst not directly cited, the following provided useful background reading.

Bottery, M. (2003) 'The End of Citizenship? The Nation State, Threats to its Legitimacy, and Citizenship Education in the Twenty-First Century' Cambridge Journal of Education, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 101-122.

Grimmelmann, J. (2006) Virtual Borders: The Interdependence of Real and Virtual Worlds, First Monday, volume 11, number 2 (February 2006).

May, C. (2002) The Information Society: A Sceptical View, Cambridge: Polity, chapter 4, 81-113.

Resnick, D. (2000) The Virtual University and College Life: Some Unintended Consequences for Democratic Citizenship, First Monday, volume 5, number 8 (August 2000).

I have also gathererd and will continue to gather more reference on this subject. These can be found at

These aren't in a fixed format, and are only included here for interest, rather than for strict assessment purposes.