Outdoor Education

Staff

|General| |Qualifications & Interests| |Publications|

Prof. Peter Higgins

Current Research Interests

Books and reports published

Higgins, P., Crowther, N., Nicol, R., & Meldrum, G. (2001). An environmental education plan for the Island of Rùm (NNR) (Research Report). Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage. 60p.

Higgins, P., & Nicol, R. (2002). Learning as adventure: Theory for practise. London: Department for Education and Skills and Connexions Service. 38p.

Higgins, P., Wightman, A. & MacMillan, D. (2002) Sporting estates and recreational land-use in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Report for Economic and Social Research Council. 22p.

Higgins, P., Ross, P., Lynch, J., & Newman, M. (2004). Building the Scottish outdoor access code and responsible behaviour into formal education and other learning contexts. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage. 79p.

Newman, M., Higgins, P., McLaughlin, P., & Allison, P. (2004). Outdoor experiential education programmes for socially excluded young-people: An evaluation of a ten-day pilot programme. Venture Trust Scotland. 79p.

Riddington, G., Higgins, P., & Radford, A. (2004). An assessment of the economic impact of water-related recreation and tourism in the catchment of the River Spey. Aviemore: Spey Catchment Steering Group. 177p.

Higgins, P., Nicol, R. and Ross, H., (2006). Teachers' approaches and attitudes to engaging with the natural heritage through the curriculum. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Nicol, R., Higgins, P. and Ross, H. (2006). Outdoor education: the views of providers from different contexts in Scotland. Dundee: Learning and Teaching Scotland.

Nicol, R., Higgins, P., Goodyear, M and Ross, H. (2006). Working with Local Authorities to deliver first-hand experience of the natural heritage through the formal education sector. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Ross, H., Higgins, P. and Nicol, R. (2006). Recognition of young people's achievements in outdoor learning activities. Dundee: Learning and Teaching Scotland.

Nicol, R., Higgins, P., Ross, H. and Mannion, G. (2007). Outdoor education in Scotland: a summary of recent research. Perth: SNH.

Books edited

Higgins, P., & Humberstone, B. (Eds.). (1998). Celebrating diversity: Learning by sharing differences in outdoor education. Proceedings of the third European congress for outdoor adventure education. Buckinghamshire: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education. 79p.

Higgins, P., & Humberstone, B. (Eds.). (1999). Outdoor education and experiential learning in the UK. Luneberg: Luneberg University Press. 175p.

Higgins, P., Loynes, C., & Crowther, N. (Eds.). (1997). A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland. Penrith: Adventure Education and Scottish Natural Heritage. 88p.

Williams, R., Higgins, P., Humberstone, B., & Loynes, C. (Eds.). (2000). Outdoor, adventure and experiential learning: A wealth of European concepts. Marburg: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education. 33p.

Higgins, P., & Nicol, R. (Eds.). (2002). Outdoor education: Authentic learning in the context of landscapes (Vol. 2). Sweden: Kinda Kunskapscentrum. 93p

Articles published as sole author: Outdoor and Environmental Education

Higgins, P. (1994). Outdoor education: Where tai chi meets fluid mechanics. Network, 6-7.

Higgins, P. (1995). Outdoor education provision at Moray House Institute of Education. Scottish Journal of Physical Education, 23(3), 4-11.

Higgins, P. (1996a). Outdoor re-creation: Connection and consequence in outdoor education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 13(2), 34-39.

Higgins, P. (1996b). Outdoor education for sustainability: Making connections. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 13(4), 4-11.

Higgins, P. (1997a). Oranges are not the only fruit teaching moving water manoeuvres. CoDe—The Coaching Journal of the British Canoe Union, 75, 5-6.

Higgins, P. (1997b). Too many singers and not enough songs. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 14(4), 17-20.

Higgins, P. (1997c). Why educate out of doors? In P. Higgins, C. Loynes & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland. Penrith: Adventure Education and Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Higgins, P. (1998). Of elephant blankets and sieves: Designing a professional body for outdoor education. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Leadership, 15(1), 5-9.

Higgins, P. (1999a). Re-creation, spirituality and the great outdoors. In R. Harvey (Ed.), Wrestling and resting: Readings in spirituality (pp. 127-129). Hove: Delta Press.

Higgins, P. (1999b). Werteerziehung und erlebnispadagogik in Grosbritan nein (Values education and outdoor education in the UK). In J. Schirp (Ed.), Abenteur ein weg zur jugend? (pp. 69-83). Marburg: Brandenburgiisch Sportjugend.

Higgins, P. (2000a). Outdoor education and values education: Mission, mandate or expediency? In P. Barnes (Ed.), Values in outdoor education(pp. 50-59). Penrith: Association for Outdoor Learning.

Higgins, P. (2000b). Outdoor recreation, outdoor re-creation and the environment: Which direction for outdoor education? In B. Dahle (Ed.), Friluftsliv I et Nytt Arhundre: Friluftsliv i et Internasjonalt Perspektiv,Oslo: Norges Idrettshogskole.

Higgins, P. (2001a). Experience without limits? Risk, reality and the role of outdoor education. In F. Paffrath & A. Ferstl (Eds.), Hemmunggslos erleben? Horizonte und grenzen (pp. 120-134). Augsberg: Zeil.

Higgins, P. (2001b). Learning outdoors: Encounters with complexity. In Other ways of learning (pp. 99-106). Marburg: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education and Experiential Learning.

Higgins, P. (2001c). Student outcomes: Learning with heart, hand and head. In A. Nilsson (Ed.), Outdoor education: Authentic learning in the context of landscapes—Volume 1 (pp. 10-12). Sweden: Kinda Kunskapscentrum.

Higgins, P. (2001d). What is outdoor education? In A. Nilsson (Ed.), Outdoor education: Authentic learning in the context of landscapes—Volume 1 (pp. 15-18). Sweden: Kinda Kunskapscentrum.

Higgins, P. (2001e). Why educate out of doors? In A. Nilsson (Ed.), Authentic learning in the context of landscapes—Volume 1 (pp. 19-26). Sweden: Kinda Kunskapscentrum.

Higgins, P. (2002). Outdoor education in Scotland. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 2(2), 149-168.

Higgins, P. (2003). Outdoor education: Keeping learning complex. In B. Humberstone, H. Brown & K. Richards (Eds.), Whose journeys? The outdoors and adventure as social and cultural phenomena (pp. 131-148). Penrith: Institute for Outdoor Learning.

Higgins, P. (2003). Outdoor education in the UK: A journey with an uncertain destination? In H. Altenberger, P. Schettgen & M. Scholz (Eds.), Innovative Ansätze Konstructiven Lernens (pp. 49-69). Augsberg: Zeil.

Higgins, P. (2005). Outdoor education and outdoor recreation in Scotland. In D. Thompson (Ed.), Mountains of Northern Europe: Conservation, management, people and nature. Edinburgh: TSO Scotland.

Articles published as sole author: Socio-economics of land-use

Higgins, P. (2000a). The contribution of outdoor recreation and outdoor education to the economy of Scotland: Case studies and preliminary findings. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1(1), 69-82.

Higgins, P. (2000b). Outdoor recreation, outdoor education and the economy of Scotland. Horizons, 8, 24-29.

Joint articles published: Outdoor and environmental education

Higgins, P., & Loynes, C. (1996). Towards consensus on the nature of outdoor education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 13(4), 2-3.

Higgins, P. & Loynes, C. (1997). On the nature of outdoor education. In P. Higgins, C. Loynes & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor education in Scotland (pp. 6-9). Penrith: Adventure Education and Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Higgins, P., & Michie, D. (1997). Who speaks for outdoor education? In P. Higgins, C. Loynes & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland (pp. 40-43). Penrith: Adventure Education and Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Higgins, P., & Morgan, A. (1997). Skimming the surface: Teaching kayak support strokes and rolls. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 14(1), 3-6.

Higgins, P., & Sherrington, I. (1997). Professionalism and codes of conduct for outdoor educators. In P. Higgins & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland (pp. 43-45). Penrith and Perth: Adventure Education and Scottish Natural Heritage.

Loynes, C., & Higgins, P. (1997a). Developing an outdoor education programme. In P. Higgins, C. Loynes & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland (pp. 45-51). Penrith: Adventure Education and Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Loynes, C., & Higgins, P. (1997b). Developing as a leader. In P. Higgins, C. Loynes & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland (pp. 23-25). Penrith: Adventure Education and Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Loynes, C., & Higgins, P. (1997c). Safety and risk in outdoor education. In P. Higgins, C. Loynes & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland (pp. 26-29). Penrith: Adventure Education and Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Michie, D., Higgins, P., & Nicol, R. (1997). The context and regulation of outdoor education. In P. Higgins, C. Loynes & N. Crowther (Eds.), A guide for outdoor educators in Scotland (pp. 30-40). Penrith: Adventure Education and Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage.

Becker, P., Amesberger, G., Bowles, S., Higgins, P., Humberstone, B., Keus, B., et al. (1998). Some conceptual ideas from the perspective of the 'modernised body'. In P. Higgins & B. Humberstone (Eds.), Celebrating diversity: Learning by sharing cultural differences(pp. 71-73). Buckinghamshire: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education.

Crowther, N., Higgins, P., & Nicol, R. (1998). The contribution of outdoor education towards learning to sustain. In J. Smyth (Ed.), Learning to sustain (pp. 58-60). Stirling: SEEC and Perth: SNH.

Higgins, P., Amesberger, G., Bowles, S., Becker, P., Humberstone, B., Keus, B., et al. (1998). Outdoor adventure education: Learning by sharing cultural differences. In P. Higgins & B. Humberstone (Eds.), Celebrating diversity: Learning by sharing cultural differences(pp. 74-79). Buckinghamshire: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education.

Humberstone, B., Amesberger, G., Bowles, S., Becker, P., Higgins, P., Keus, B., et al. (1998). Culture, diversity, national communities and outdoor education. In P. Higgins & B. Humberstone (Eds.), Celebrating diversity: Learning by sharing cultural differences(pp. 6-9). Buckinghamshire: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education.

Nicol, R., & Higgins, P. (1998). A sense of place: A context for environmental outdoor education. In P. Higgins & B. Humberstone (Eds.), Celebrating diversity: Sharing cultural differences in outdoor education (pp. 50-55). Buckinghamshire: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education.

Nicol, R., Higgins, P., & Crowther, N. (1998). Outdoor education for sustainability: Historical and contemporary perspectives. Scottish Centre Research Papers in Sport, Leisure and Society (pp. 126-132). Edinburgh: Faculty of Education, University of Edinburgh.

Higgins, P., & Morgan, A. (1999). Training outdoor educators: Integrating academic and professional demands. In P. Higgins & B. Humberstone (Eds.), Outdoor education and experiential learning in the UK. Luneberg: University of Luneberg Press.

Crowther, N., Higgins, P., & Cheesmond, J. (2000). A history of outdoor education at Dunfermline College of Physical Education and Moray House College and Institution of Education, Edinburgh—1970-2000. Horizons, 7 & 8, 18-23.

Williams, R., Higgins, P., Humberstone, B., & Loynes, C. (2000). Outdoor education in Britain. In Outdoor, adventure and experiential learning: A wreath of European concepts(pp. 10-12). Marburg: European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education.

Higgins, P., Kirk, G., & Perfect, H. (2001). Teacher education for sustainable development in Scotland. Environmental Education, 68, 25-29.

Allison, P., & Higgins, P. (2002). Ethical adventures: Can we justify overseas youth expeditions in the name of education? Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 6(2), 22-26.

Higgins, P., & Nicol, R. (2002). Outdoor learning in theory and practise. In P. Higgins & R. Nicol (Eds.), Outdoor education: Authentic learning in the context of landscapes—Volume 2 (pp. 3-14). Sweden: Kunskapscentrum.

Higgins, P., & Kirk, G. (2002). Teacher education, outdoor education and sustainability in Scotland. Planet: Journal of the Learning and Teaching Support Network (Earth and Environmental Sciences), Special Edition 4, 8-11.

Nicol, R., & Higgins, P. (2002). A framework for the evaluation outdoor education programmes. In P. Higgins & R. Nicol (Eds.), Outdoor education: Authentic learning in the context of landscapes—Volume 2 (pp. 29-36). Sweden: Kunskapscentrum.

Higgins, P., Kirk, G., & Perfect, H. (2003). Sustainability education and teacher training in Scotland. Journal of Teacher Education and Training, 2, 15-24.

Higgins, P., & Sharp, R. (2003). Outdoor education. In T. Bryce & W. Humes (Eds.), Scottish education—second edition: post devolution (pp. 580-587). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Higgins, P., Nicol, R., Lugg, A., & Allison, P. (2005). Education outside the classroom: Second Report of Session 2004-5(pp. 110-123). (A submission of evidence to the House of Commons Education and Skills Committee). London: Stationery Office.

Higgins, P., & Lugg, A. (2005). The Pedagogy of People, Place and Activity: Outdoor Education at Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh. In B. Humberstone & H. Brown (Eds.), Shaping the Outdoor Profession Through Higher Education: Creative Diversity in Outdoor Studies Courses in Higher Education in the UK (pp. 103-113). Penrith, Cumbria: Institute for Outdoor Learning.

Woollven, R., Allison, P. & Higgins, P. (2007). Perception and reception: The introduction of licensing of adventure activities in Great Britain. Journal of Experiential Education, 30(1), 1-20.

Joint articles published: Socio-economics of land-use

Jarvie, G., & Higgins, P. (1996). The decline and rise of Scottish sporting estates and elites in the 1990s. Proceedings of the World Leisure and Recreation Association Conference, Cardiff.

Higgins, P., Jackson, J., & Jarvie, G. (1997). Deer forests and the aristocracy: Some preliminary observations. In Scottish research papers in sport, leisure and society (Vol. 2, pp. 32-52). Edinburgh: Moray House Institute of Education.

Jarvie, G., Jackson, J., & Higgins, P. (1997). Scottish affairs, sporting estates and the aristocracy. Scottish Affairs, 19, 121-140.

Wightman, A., & Higgins, P. (2000). Sporting estates and the recreational economy in the Highlands and Islands. Scottish Affairs, 31, 18-36.

Wightman, A., & Higgins, P. (2001). Sporting estates and outdoor recreation in the Highlands and Islands. In M. Usher (Ed.), Enjoyment and understanding of the natural heritage (pp. 171-176). Edinburgh: Stationery Office.

Wightman, A., Higgins, P., Jarvie, G., & Nicol, R. (2002). The cultural politics of hunting: Sporting estates and recreational land use in the Highlands and Islands. Culture, Sport and Society, 5(1), 53-70.

Articles and books in the press

Higgins, P. Learning outdoors: Complexity, connection and citizenship. In B. Dahle (Ed.), Title to be confirmed. Oslo: Norges Idrettshogskole.

Higgins, P., & Kirk, G. Sustainability education in Scotland: The impact of national and international initiatives on teacher education and outdoor education. Journal of Geography and Higher Education, (due in 2005).

Nicol, R., & Higgins, P. Outdoor Education—In the 'environment' or part of the 'environment'? In B. Humberstone & R. Nicol (Eds.) Old traditions and new trends in outdoor and experiential learning. European Institute for Outdoor Education.

Riddington, G., Higgins, P., & Radford, A. Access and conflict on the river. Leisure Science.

Articles and books under consideration

Higgins, P. Complexity as a theme in outdoor environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education.

Nicol, R., & Higgins, P. Perspectives on the philosophy and practice of outdoor education in Scotland. In S. Sorlin (Ed.), Outdoor recreation: Practise and ideology from an international comparative perspective.

Freshwater and fisheries biology (all publications)

Higgins, P. (1981). Salmon conservation in North America. Proceedings of the Institute of Fisheries Management, 42-52.

Higgins, P. (1982a). Fisheries management by computer. Water, 43, 26-27.

Higgins, P. (1982b). Salmon trickle back to the Thames. New Scientist, 94, 286-288.

Talbot, C., & Higgins, P. (1982). Observations on the gall bladder of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in relation to feeding. Journal of Fish Biology, 21, 663-669.

Talbot, C., & Higgins, P. (1983). A radiographic method for feeding studies on fish using metallic iron powder as a marker. Journal of Fish Biology, 23, 211-220.

Higgins, P. (1983). Salmon conservation in North America: British Library, LD: 84/12711(Salmon), 138p.

Talbot, C., Higgins, P., & Shanks, A. (1984). Effects of pre- and post-prandial starvation on meal size and evacuation rate of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Journal of Fish Biology, 25, 551-560.

Higgins, P. (1985a). An interactive computer program for population estimation by the Zippin method. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 1(287-295).

Higgins, P. (1985b). Metabolic differences between Atlantic salmon parr and smolts (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management.

Higgins, P. (1985c). X-ray microtags for identification of individuals in studies of fish energetics. Journal of Fish Biology, 26, 153-159.

Higgins, P., & Talbot, C. (1985). Growth and feeding in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In C. B. Cowey, A. M. Mackie & J. G. Bell (Eds.), Fish Nutrition (pp. 243-263). London: Academic Press.

Higgins, P. (1990). The histochemistry of muscle in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Journal of Fish Biology, 37, 521-529.

Higgins, P., & Thorpe, J. (1990). Hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the growth of skeletal muscle in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Journal of Fish Biology, 37, 505-519.

Recent conference presentations

Higgins, P. (2007). Why indoors? The role of outdoor learning in sustainability, health and citizenship, Inaugural Chair Lecture, The University of Edinburgh.

Higgins, P. (2006). Learning (Outdoors) for Our Future, delivered to the Association of Heads of Outdoor Centres, Gartan Outdoor Centre, Donnegal, November 2006.

Higgins, P. (2006). Out of the box and into the big wide world: Experiential education for the 21st Century, Kurt Hahn Address, Association for Experiential Education Conference, Minneapolis, November 2006.

Other

Higgins, P. (n.d.). The Economic Contribution of Outdoor Recreation, Outdoor Education and Highland Sporting Estates to the Economy of Scotland. Paper prepared for the Scottish Parliament.

Wightman, A., Higgins, P., Jarvie, G., & Nicol, R. (n.d.). Hunting and Hill-walking in the Highlands and Islands: Sporting estates and recreational land use in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Draft.

Higgins, P. & Loynes, C. (1996). The European Institute for Outdoor Adventure Education: A Proposed Statement of Intent. Unpublished paper.

Wightman, A. & Higgins, P. (2000). Highland Sporting Estates and the Politics of Leisure. LSA 2000 Conference, Glasgow.

Nicol, R., & Higgins, P. (2004). A Review of Research Literature Relating to Outdoor Education. Unpublished manuscript.